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Chapter 2: Stream Input/Output
2.1 How to Read This Section
2.1.1 Code Examples
2.1.2 Terminology
2.2 The Architecture of Iostreams
2.2.1 What Are the Standard Iostreams?
2.2.2 How Do the Standard Iostreams Work?
2.2.3 How Do the Standard Iostreams Help Solve Problems?
2.2.4 The Internal Structure of the Iostreams Layers
2.3 Formatted Input/Output
2.3.1 The Predefined Streams
2.3.2 Input and Output Operators
2.3.3 Format Control Using the Stream's Format State
2.3.4 Localization Using the Stream's Locale
2.3.5 Formatted Input
2.4 Error State of Streams
2.4.1 Checking the Stream State
2.4.2 Catching Exceptions
2.5 File Input/Output
2.5.1 The Difference between Predefined File Streams (cin, cout, cerr, and clog) and File Streams
2.5.2 Code Conversion in Wide Character Streams
2.5.3 File Streams
2.5.4 The Open Mode
2.5.5 Binary and Text Mode
2.6 In-Memory Input/Output
2.6.1 The Internal Buffer
2.6.2 The Open Modes
2.7 Input/Output of User-Defined Types
2.7.1 An Example Using a User-Defined Type
2.7.2 A Simple Extractor and Inserter for the Example
2.7.3 Improved Extractors and Inserters
2.7.4 More Improved Extractors and Inserters
2.7.5 Patterns for Extractors and Inserters of User-Defined Types
2.8 Manipulators
2.8.1 Manipulators without Parameters
2.8.2 Manipulators with Parameters
2.9 Streams and Stream Buffers
2.9.1 Copying and Assigning Stream Objects
2.9.2 Sharing a Stream Buffer Among Streams
2.9.3 Copies of the Stream Buffer
2.10 Synchronizing Streams
2.10.1 Explicit Synchronization
2.10.2 Implicit Synchronization Using the unitbuf Format Flag
2.10.3 Implicit Synchronization by Tying Streams
2.10.4 Synchronizing the Pre
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